Heres What I Know About Research Essay Help

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Financial Returns in Shares - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1025 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Here are the descriptive statistics for the following four shares: Allied Domecq Aviva Barclays BOC Group Allied Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Returns in Shares" essay for you Create order Aviva Barclays BOC Mean 0.034927 0.019586 0.053065 0.041042 Standard error 0.016635 0.018953 0.01532 0.017607 Median 0.022258 0.014174 0.054806 0.034762 Mode #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Standard Deviation 0.083174 0.094767 0.076599 0.088034 Sample Variance 0.006918 0.008981 0.005867 0.00775 Range 0.323539 0.440406 0.315845 0.367016 Minimum -0.09075 -0.24905 -0.10914 -0.12904 Maximum 0.232789 0.191359 0.206701 0.237978 Sum 0.873169 0.489661 1.326634 1.026045 Count 25 25 25 25 From the above statistics I can draw the following comments. Looking at the mean I can see that returns from Aviva are the lowest. The highest average returns are from Barclays. However, all average returns seem to be at a similar level. Looking at the median supports this observation. The median shows Aviva having the lowest returns and Barclays having the highest. There is no data for the mode, but all this means is that no return is the same as another. Looking at the standard deviation and range I can see that returns from Aviva seem to be the most variable as Aviva has the biggest deviation and the biggest range. Barclays seems to have the least variable returns, as the standard deviation and the range for this share are the lowest of the four. In conclusion, I can say that Barclays has the best returns and Aviva has the lowest returns. Looking at this histogram I can say that it appears to be symmetrically distributed. The average return seems to be in the middle and returns lower at either end. This chart looks to be roughly symmetrical. The only difference to the chart above id the fact that the middle value is low. Also, there is one value well away from the other values. This chart again seems to be symmetrical. However, there are 3 values with the same frequency. This makes the chart more positively skewed than the others. This chart is again pretty much symmetrically distributed. In this chart there are more values than the other charts. This could mean that this share has greater range. Looking at all the charts I can say that the common return is between 0.5 and 0.1. This seems to be the average for all shares. Correlation: Allied Aviva Barclays BOC Allied 1 Aviva 0.234587 1 Barclays 0.222791 0.343281 1 BOC 0.203977 0.038567 0.258946 1 Looking at the above correlation table I can say that all the shares have positive correlation with each other, however, the correlation is low. The highest correlation seems to be with Aviva and BOC. The lowest correlation is between Allied and BOC. There would appear to be very little correlation between these shares. This is probably because of the fact that each company is in a different industry. The following table shows the statistics for the Jarque-Bera test: Allied 22.8406 Aviva 8.227033 Barclays 16.18868 BOC 8.631524 The test statistic I am using is at the 99% confidence level and is 10.6. Thus, the null hypothesis that the distribution is normally distributed will be rejected if the Jarque-Bera statistic is higher than 10.6. From the above table I can see that Aviva and BOC are normally distributed and Barclays and Allied are not. In terms of market efficiency this has great levels of implication. Models of market efficiency such as EMH state that returns are based on a normal distribution. If the Jarque-Bera statistic is stating that returns are not normally distributed then EMH models can not be accurately used to estimate the future returns of such share prices. However, if share prices that are not normally distributed can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy then this could mean that markets are not as efficient as first thought. It could also imply that the models and theories used to estimate market efficiency are not as accurate and reliable as always thought. It could mean that new models and theories have to be thought up. I have looked at the relationship between the FTSE all share and Allied. I decided that Allied is the dependant variable and the FTSE all share is the independent variable. This is because the returns of Allied will be dependant upon the movement of the FTSE all share coupled with the beta of Allied. The beta of a company is a figure that determines how risky it is compared to the market in which it operates. A high beta will mean that the company follows the market closely and a low beta means the company follows the market only very slightly. A positive beat means that the company positively follows the movement of the market and a negative beta means that the company will move in the opposite direction of the market. The beta of a company can be worked out by performing a regression model with the returns of the stock as the dependant variable and the returns of the market as the independent variable. The following market model is generated: Return Allied = 0.013297 + 0.557 return FTSE all share The model states that Allied has a beta of 0.557. This means that it is positively correlated with the FTSE all share. When the FTSE all share goes up Allied will also go up at about 55.7% of the movement of the FTSE all share. However, if the FTSE all share moves down, Allied will also fall, but only at 55.7% of the overall fall of the FTSE all share. To work out the values needed for the following chart I used the returns of FTSE all share and placed them into the market model equation in part 3 to generate the returns for the market model. I then plotted the returns from the FTSE 100 in the same chart and generated the following graph: Looking at the above chart I can see that the returns from the market model closely follow the FTSE 100. In fact a movement of approximately a half by the market model mirrors each movement of the FTSE 100 line. This can be explained by the fact that the market model has a beta of 0.557. This means any movement in the FTSE 100 will mean the market model moving in the same direction, but only at 55.7% of the FTSE 100. The movements of the market model will probably not be exactly 55.7% as this model was generated using the FTSE all share. The movements in the FTSE all share will be slightly different to the FTSE 100, which will distort the effects of the above chart slightly.

Oedipus The King And Antigone - 948 Words

Humans can attempt to avoid a certain fate but if destinies are fixed they cannot be altered. Sophocles supports the notion that free will eludes us in works such as Oedipus the King and Antigone. Oedipus, Creon, Antigone, and Tiresias are characters in these epics whose lives represented the battle of truth and wisdom. Oedipus attempted to escape the prophecy in which he killed his own father and married his mother. He hastily discovered his past while trying to cure his city, and his efforts to change his fate fail when the prophecy is realized. His daughter Antigone wanted revenge after Oedipus’ death. Creon would not bury her brother so she did it herself and then allowed Creon to punish her by enclosing her in a tomb. She believed in†¦show more content†¦He no longer craved physical sight after his inability to see metaphorically. After that horrid deed, he notified the Chorus, â€Å"It was Apollo, friends, Apollo, that brought this bitter bitterness, my sorrows to completion. But the hands that struck me was none but my own.† (Sophocles 168-169) He accepted the Gods’ control over fate, uncontrollable by humanity. He, however, longed to reassure the strength of free will. The Gods did not order him to do so therefore it occurred at his own freedom. He wanted to break free from the motive of destiny. Despite this, it could be argued that it was his fate to stab himself in reaction. Without the prediction, the stabbing would have never transpired. Oedipus admitted defeat to the power of fate by blaming Apollo for his tragic ending, and to his blindness. Thus, his act of free will was in reaction to his predetermined fate. Death through a sinful family already faces Antigone, so she acknowledges her fate. She did not fear darkness because she knew it was coming, so her persona represented such. In the beginning, Antigone and her sister, Ismene, were arguing over the burial. Ismene did not want any involvement since Creon forbidde n it, as Polynices created destruction in Thebes. She said, â€Å"I shall yield in this to the authorities.† (183) Antigone was resentful because she knew the Gods believed in burial of the dead. Thus, she sealed her destiny to die by her determination to bury him. She exclaimed, â€Å"I

Impact of Employee Performance on Customer Retention †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Employee Performance on Customer Retention. Answer: Introduction In this modern service industry, consumer satisfaction and retention serves as a major factor related with the success of the company. This is for the reason that most of the employers rely on employees for offering quality service (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Employee relations are deemed as customary of company functions along with practices that deals with the issues associated with human resource like recompose and retirement. Research methodology employed in this research focussed on gathering relevant information in order to make effective business decisions (Lewis, 2015). This also includes theoretical evaluation of principles and methods related with the research on impact of employee performance on consumer retention. The objective of this paper is to explain the research methodology of carrying out study on impact of employee performance on consumer retention. The research method section will explain the methodology, sample and sampling technique, research population, data coll ection, data analysis, ethical consideration and limitation associated with completion of the research. Research Methods: Research Methodology Qualitative research methodology has been selected in investigating the impact of employee performance on consumer retention. This methodology is observed to be useful for the reason that it offers vital information on the inclination subject of human perception concerning specific research data (Lincoln Guba, 1985). This research methodology is deemed to employ non statistical research techniques that employ inductive logic for evaluating yield corrections which is complex to translate. Qualitative research method is deemed to be suitable in this research as the investigation will employ thematic evaluation. Data collected was evaluated by themes and it is deemed that increasingly inductive themes are gathered from the data. Qualitative data methodology with the thematic analysis is focussed on gathering data through understanding them. The major objective of this research methodology is to develop major themes which explain the importance of the research. This research method is e mployed in this research for the reason that the researcher was focussed on understanding along with investigating social situations by means of developing descriptions from the on-site interviews along with observations (Neuman Robson, 2014). Moreover, this method is deemed to be suitable in this investigation as the researcher was able to offer detailed accounts and elaborations of socio-cultural process that does not require being explained quantitatively. Population, Sampling Technique and Sample Sampling can be understood as a process within which the target respondent for the research is selected from a larger population. Sampling facilitates the researcher in selecting the most vital source of primary data for gathering important information that is aligned with the aim and objectives of the research. Simple random sampling has been employed in carrying out an interview process with the supervisor (Patton, 2002). This sampling method was employed in the research for the reason that it offers equal opportunity to the respondent of getting selected in the study. For this reason, qualitative data was evaluated through use of this sampling technique. The population size is selected in investigating impact of employee performance on retention of consumers in the selected hotel. Only one supervisor was selected for this research and considering this it can be stated that sample size selected for this research is 1. Determination of suitable type and number of participation is vi tal in gathering suitable research findings. This target population has been selected through deciding the number of participants within a sample (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Along with deciding the anticipated number of people within the target population, the selection of sample size was influenced from considering certain vital aspects such as time available, budget along with target precision degree. Data Collection Data collection process in investigating the impact of employee performance on consumer retention wills both primary that is through interview and secondary. Secondary data for the research will be gathered that certain secondary sources such as journals, books and websites in order to realise properly the speculative situations along with historic representation (Silverman, 2016). Such gathered secondary data was useful in evaluating the recent trend of the recognised research issue. Secondary data was considered in this research as it is deemed that it can be highly preferable because of its easy availability from the online and offline sources. Primary data for the research was collected from human responses by means of conducting interview. This data collection method is employed for the reason that it is highly reliable in nature in comparison to the secondary data. Therefore, taking into consideration the subject of research, the researcher has considered employing primary as w ell as secondary data devoid of focussing on just a specific option. From the process of interview numerical data was gathered that indicates the fragment of data that was analysed to collected relevant information in consideration to the research results (Smith, 2015). Numerical data was considered to be collected for the reason that this offered suitable information on the inclination subject of human perception concerning specific research data. Data Analysis Data collected for the research was evaluated through using several analytical methods. This is for the reason that effective analytical data analysis selection is highly important to attain effective and pertinent research findings. Data analysis process in investigating the impact of employee performance on consumer retention considered the process of open coding-general themes and axial coding (Spradley, 2003). In open coding analysis, the researcher made attempts to read through the data numerous times and then start generating tentative labels for a lot of data which summarises the aspects those are evidenced to happen. This is not just relied on an existing theory that is just relied on the meaning that is arrived from the data. This data analysis process will facilitate in recording instances of the participants words along with establishing the properties associated with every code. In addition, axial coding data analysis was employed by the researcher in this investigation. This is for the reason that axial coding includes recognising relationships between open codes. This will also be simpler to realise the time at which last chat is been observed regarding this blog post (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). This data analysis method is used for it can facilitate in sustaining transparency and proper interpretation of composed information. Ethical Consideration Ethical considerations are considered to be important in the research for the reason that the ethical standards avoid the fabrication or data falsification that promotes the pursuit of knowledge along with truth. This is deemed to be the primary goal of the research. The researcher has made sure that he has abided by the most suitable code of conduct in carrying out tasks within several processes of data collection. The secondary data for the research has been collected from different reliable as well as authentic sources that make sure of the research outcomes validity (Vaioleti, 2016). The researcher made sure that within the survey process, he will avoid asking delicate questions along with ensuring that the survey participant is persuaded to take part within the process of survey with mutual permission. In addition to that, the identity of the survey respondents was not being disclosed for certain confidentiality concerns. Moreover, in this no business use of the research stateme nt has been focussed on from the behalf of the researcher. Limitation The primary data for the research has been gathered from one supervisor of the selected hotel in conducting research on the topic impact of employee performance on consumer retention. The validity of the information serves as the major restraint which generates the obstacle among the research results along with the accomplishment of the research (Wildemuth, 2016). The selected professional has an intention of offering a positive image of the company through not disclosing the major concerns. As a result, the researcher might deal with the issues in recognising the concerns along with offering suitable recommendations in order to deal with them. It has also been evaluated that manipulation of the secondary data can take place to a certain extent that might impact the research quality as well as the research findings. Conclusion Research methodology employed in this research focussed on gathering relevant information in order to make effective business decisions. This also includes theoretical evaluation of principles and methods related with the research on impact of employee performance on consumer retention. The objective of this paper was to explain the research methodology of carrying out study on impact of employee performance on consumer retention. It was gathered from the paper that qualitative research methodology has been selected in investigating the impact of employee performance on consumer retention. Simple random sampling has been employed in carrying out an interview process with the supervisor. Data analysis process in investigating the impact of employee performance on consumer retention considered the process of open coding-general themes and axial coding. However, the validity of the information serves as the major restraint which generates the obstacle among the research results along wi th the accomplishment of the research. Moreover, the researcher might deal with the issues in recognising the concerns along with offering suitable recommendations in order to deal with them. References Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), 473-475. Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury, CA: SAGE Publications. Neuman, W. L., Robson, K. (2014).Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (Vol. 3). Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage Publications. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Spradley, J. P. (2003). Qualitative Approaches to Criminal Justice: Perspectives from the Field. Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage Publications. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Vaioleti, T. M. (2016). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research.Waikato Journal of Education,12(1). Wildemuth, B. M. (Ed.). (2016).Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. ABC-CLIO.

Asthma

Asthma Free Online Research Papers Asthma is a lung disease that affects approximately ten million people in the United States. (Cramer 2) In people with asthma, the airways of the lungs are hypersensitive to irritants such as cigarette smoke or allergens. When these irritants are inhaled, the airways react by constricting, or narrowing. Some people with asthma have only mild, intermittent symptoms that can be controlled without drugs. In others, the symptoms are chronic, severe, and sometime life threatening. Although researchers have learned more about the underlying causes of asthma in recent years, a definitive treatment is still unavailable. In the last decade, asthma deaths worldwide have rose 42%. (Cramer 2) The reasons for this increase are not clear; however, many experts believe that the lack of standard treatments and the inconsistent monitoring of asthma patients have contributed to the increased mortality rate. With this disease comes many questions such as what is asthma, what are the symptoms and causes, how is it diagnosis, what are the treatments, how is it prevented and maintained. In answering these typical questions people will be more informed of a disease that is killing people. Asthma is sometimes referred to as a disease of â€Å"twitchy lungs†, which means that the airways are extremely sensitive to irritants. The airways are the tubes that bring air from the windpipe, known as the trachea, to the lungs. These tubes are called the bronchi. Each bronchus, in turn, branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are small, balloon like structures called alveoli. The alveoli are tiny sacs that allow oxygen to diffuse from body tissues into the lungs to be exhaled. (Shier, Butler, Lewis 786-88) During an asthma attack, the bronchi and bronchioles constrict and obstruct the passage of air into the alveoli. Besides constricting, the airways may secrete copious amounts of mucus in an effort to clear the irritation from the lungs. The airway walls also swell, causing inflammation and further obstruction. As the airways become increasingly obstructed, oxygen cannot reach the small air sacs; blood levels of oxygen drop, and the body’s tissues and organs become oxygen deprived. At the same time carbon dioxide cannot escape the small air sacs for exhalation; blood levels of carbon dioxide increase, and exert a toxic effect on the tissues and organs of the body. Most of the time asthma is caused by, inhaling an allergen that sets off a chain of reactions. â€Å"Once asthma is present, symptoms can be set off or made worse if the patient also has rhinitis (inflammation of the lining of the nose) or sinusitis.† (Cramer 3) Acid reflux for some reason can also make asthma worse. A viral infection of the respiratory tract, aspirin, and a drug called beta-blockers (often used to treat high blood pressure) can also inflame an asthmatic reaction. (Cramer 3) In addition to cigarette smoke and various allergens, other triggers can cause asthma attacks. A cold, or other upper respiratory infections may bring on an asthma attack. Strong emotions, such as excitement, tension, or anxiety, may trigger asthma symptoms. Even exercise and extreme weather conditions, such as very cold, very hot, or very humid weather, can cause an asthma attack. Environmental exposures, such as pollution and ozone levels can also contribute to an asthma attack. (Britann ic 1) The characteristic sign of asthma is wheezing, the noisy, whistling breathing that a person makes as he or she tries to push air in and out of narrowed airways. Other symptoms of asthma include a tight chest, shortness of breath, and a cough. When diagnosing a patient for asthma, the examiner should look for maximum chest expansion while taking in air. (Cramer 5) Hunched shoulders and contracting neck muscles are other signs of narrowed airways. Nasal polyps or increased amounts of nasal secretions often noted in asthmatic patients. â€Å"Skin changes, like atopic dermatitis or eczema, are a tip off that the patient has allergic problems.† (Cramer 5) Inquiring about family history of asthma or allergies can be a valuable indicator of asthma. The diagnosis may be strongly suggested when typical symptoms and signs are present. A test called spirometry measures how rapidly air is exhaled and how much is retained in the lungs. Repeating the test after the patient inhales a drug that widens the air passages (a bronchodilator) will show whether the airway narrowing is reversible, which is a very typical finding in asthma. Often patients use a related instrument, called a peak flow meter, to keep track of asthma severity at home. Often, it is difficult to determine what is triggering asthma attacks. Allergy skin test may be used, although an allergic skin response does not always mean that the allergen being tested is causing the asthma. Also, the body’s immune system produces antibody to fight off that allergen, and the amount of antibody can be measured by a blood test. This will show how sensitive the patient is to a particular allergen. If the diagnosis is still in doubt, the patient can inhale a suspect allergen while using a spirometer to detect airway narrowing. Spirometry can also be repeated after a bout of exercise if exercise induced asthma is a possibility. A chest x-ray will help rule out other disorders. Currently, several drugs are used to treat asthma. Not all asthmatic drugs should be used by every asthma patient. Some patients with mild asthma only need to use medication intermittently to contr ol wheezing. Patients with more serious asthma need to take medication at regular intervals to avoid life-threatening attacks. It is important for asthma patients to see their doctors if the frequency or severity of their symptoms change. One form of medication is termed bronchodilators. Bronchodilators dilate constricted lung airways by relaxing the muscles, which line the bronchial tubes. Oral bronchodilators include theophylline; theophyllines counterpart, aminophylline, is used through a needle in the vein for severe episodes of asthma. During severe, acute attacks of asthma, injections of epinephrine are given just under the patients skin. Epinephrine has a quick, but short lasting effect of bronchodilation. Most asthma patients are given bronchodilators such as abuterol that are used in a mist form that is inhaled from either a special inhaler device or an aerosol machine. Some patients are instructed to use their bronchodilator at regular intervals, while others may just be told to use the inhaler if they notice the beginning of an asthma attack. The inhaled medications are quick acting because they a re directly applied to the constricted airways. Another type of treatment is called Anti-Inflammatory drugs. Anti- Inflammatory drugs reduce the swelling and inflammation of the airways. These drugs can be inhaled or taken in pill form. Two types of anti-inflammatory drugs that are prescribed for asthma patients: Chromolyn sodium and Corticosteroids. Chromolyn sodium is also prescribed for people with allergies, and it has few side effects. Oral corticosteriods are very effective in treating asthma, but should be reserved for severe cases, due to their serious side effects. (Cramer 5) Short-term side effects include increased appetite, weight gain, hypertension, and fluid retention. Over the long-term corticosteriods may cause osteoporosis, cataracts, and impaired immune response. These side effects usually preclude the use of corticosteriods for long periods of time. In fact, short courses of steroids are preferred. These â€Å"steroid bursts† are given over about a week’s time and then discontinued, as a treatment for a sudden sever asthma attack, perhaps brought on by exposure to an allergen or viral infection. Inhaled corticosteroids have few side effects. These medications are also prescribed for allergy patients. Unlike their oral counterparts, these drugs can be taken for much longer periods of time. They are especially useful in controlling moderate asthma. A new asthma medication called leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are being used to interfere with the actions of a class of chemicals called leukotrienes. Leukotrienes help produce the symptoms of asthma. Interference with their actions decreases asthma symptomology. LTRAs are believed to greatly reduce asthma severity, when taken daily. (Britannica 2) To avoid attacks patients can take certain preventative steps. Asthma can be avoided by doing the following: 1. Avoid being outside during the early morning and late afternoon hours, when pollen levels are highest. 2. Since dust has been associated with asthma attacks, thoroughly and frequently clean the indoor environment. Dust and vacuum everyday. Wash bed linens in hot, soapy water every few days or so. Replace air filters in air conditioners and furnaces regularly. 3. During hot weather, use air conditioning. (Harrington 55) Eliminating the irritant is the key. If asthma is brought on by cigarette smoke, the patient must avoid this irritant. If asthma is brought on by exercise, the person should try to find a level of exertion that is comfortable. Using an inhaled bronchodilator before exercising may also control asthma symptoms. For all persons with asthma, communication with and regular visits to their physicians are essential components of treatment. Without periodic checkups, the physician cannot monitor progress or potential worsening of symptoms. So, the most important aspect of prevention and treatment for asthma patients is the regular physician visit. Asthma is something that many people live with from day to day. For example, my brother was diagnosed with asthma when my family moved from Alaska. He was a one-year-old baby that was in and out of hospitals all through out his childhood years. At first the doctors wanted to place him in a bubble because it was like he was allergic to everything. C ome to find out he had not built up an immune system to many different kinds of allergens because in Alaska the vegetation of the land is very different. Now this was a very traumatic time for my family because my brother soon became diagnosed with chronic asthma, which is a form of old people’s asthma. The doctors stated that he might not live because he was always so ill. Well it has been sixteen years and instead of the asthma progressing it seems to have regressed extremely. The only bad thing about all of this is that the medicines he was on have very serious side effects and we are not sure how the side effects will affect him. So, even the worse case scenarios can turn into good. The more people know about the disease the better they can handle it. This disease has come a long way since it first entered my family’s life. Doctors now know more about the causes, symptoms, and how to diagnosis the disease than they did in 1985. Research Papers on AsthmaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsGenetic EngineeringPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Spring and Autumn

To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Essays

To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Essays To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Paper To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Paper The famous Philosopher, Aristotle, explored what exactly is a tragic hero; he said, in his own words, A man doesnt become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall. (1). Also, a man should have nobility from birth, as Aristotle says, yet Othello slowly climbed the ladder of hierarchy enabling him to stable that status as the Moor (Venetian Moor) yet he sets himself as a tragic hero because he isnt going to accepted into society due to his colour. Was his colour a conceit in a way, showing an anticlimax, foreshadowing the downfall of his status, making it less tragic? This is a mere criticism. Aristotles theories are intriguing, and I will be discussing these in detail later on in the essay. Another characteristic of a tragic hero is that the heros story must appeal to emotions. Clearly we are shown this in the first scene in act 1 where Shakespeare uses sibilance to characterise the main characters, Iago and Othello, in the play. The use of the word his automatically spits the word out in distaste. The word his is degrading for the moor, but the sibilance and the iambic pentameter in the sentence wears out his time, much like his masters ass emphatically forces the his out scornfully. The use of the article the in the moor also shows distaste as they cant even say the name. The fact that Iagos first words were Sblood gives us a vain, vivid spitting image and the vulgar language used such as the moor debase him This is an effective use of pathos as it appeals to our emotions towards Othello; this distaste helps us with not looking at the perspective, or the distorted view, of how Iago sees things. Aristotles point about appealing to emotions was correct and this is a sign of Othello being presented as a tragic hero. Iago is an allegory for the reoccurring fatal flaw in this act the fatal flaw is merely manipulation. Even though little manipulation is shown here, it is very intense. In act 1, scene two, Iago says that Roderigo prated and spoke such scurvy persuading the moor to get angry at Roderigo, yet the dramatic irony very much lies beneath these words as we know that Iago presents a fai ade or is, in other words, a representation of Janus (two faced) because Iago says, in scene 1, that he will follow him to serve my turn on him yet he goes against Roderigo now by saying that Roderigo spoke such scurvy. This fatal flow is merely a fai ade within Iago, which merely hides corruption from within, and Iago, of course, is a figure of corruption Othello is merely a tragic hero in some sense as he fell for the wrong person in terms of fraternal (male) bonds for help. This is a major fatal flaw as it showed how male companionship collapsed the foundation and made Othello a dawn fall . The quote an old black ram is tupping your white ewe can be an extended metaphor for the predatory nature of the world. Iago says that he will wear my heart upon my sleeve for daws to peck at, I am not what I am which is a denotation in an interpretive sense that a crow is a symbol of society and society is predatory and everything is deceptive. This dramatic irony is there to show the audience the fatal flaw in Othello believing Iago. Iagos predatory nature on Othello can spark off other events such as paranoia which is shortly developed after Othello being calm for so long it isnt bearable so paranoia sneaks in. His calmness is shown through his first words of Tis better as it is, giving a very patient approach to the situation. Yet, we expect this to juxtapose highly towards the end of the play as we see Iago can do anything to corrupt psychological states of people by manipulation and even greater, maybe paranoia. One critic has criticised the statement that Othello is presented as a tragic hero because Othello is overly aware of his nobility (2). The critic, Leavis, says that Eloquence is a form of arrogance. In act 1, scene 2, Othellos first words are quite subtly yet Eloquent Tis better as it is. Can we, as readers, interpret this as some form of arrogance? In my opinion, the subtlety of the words can confine arrogance. Leavis is very clever in making this statement, and his statement can say Othello is not presented as a tragic hero. A sense of it was doomed before the start is shown in Act 1, scene 3, where Desdemona has her very first words and Othello and herself proclaim love to each other. The iambic pentameter is very significant and Shakespeare very cleverly used it to show love in the blank verse. Nearly all are blank verses (no rhyme but with an iambic pentameter) yet some, for example, what Desdemona says: The rites for which I love him are bereft me breaks the iambic pentameter. This may show corruption in love or the fact that love is a concept which can cause annihilation but this is merely done to show that Othello has brought it on himself so can be a tragic hero. The audience here, have a sense of urgency to relief themselves (catharsis another trait of a hero being a tragic hero). The repetition of fill your purse with money which Iago says to Roderigo makes it as though life is a stage and that all our strings are being pulled by the creator. This repetition is highly manipulative as it says therefore make money. Though, this manipulation isnt a flaw for Roderigo, as his status is nothing compared to Othello, yet later on in the acts, Othello is slowly driven into paranoia by the vehicle Iago is driving and causing hamartia (fatal flaw). The socio-historical context with Macbeths is important as they interlink and you can come to a conclusion about both of them. From both, Othello and Macbeth, it shows Shakespeare is interested in deception; at the start of Macbeth, the tragic hero is characterised by Iago, and at the start of Macbeth by the witches. It seems as though Shakespeare is allowing us too see different perceptions, through women (witches) and men (Iago and roderigo). Lady Macbeth is almost a mirror image of Iago in a distorted way as they both drive to manipulate; Lady Macbeth manipulated Macbeth to go kill the king. Shakespeare questions whether we should break the convention of men before women or not, as both are corrupted and delusional and both play a part in the tragedy of the tragic hero

Groupwork Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groupwork Tools - Essay Example The important aspects or tools through which the productivity of team work is affected are numerous. Therefore, to accomplish utmost efficiency, group or any team work requires certain tools to enhance the chances of accomplishing targets. Working effectively in a group involves few basic and compulsory steps which include introduction, looking for similarities with any group member, listening intently to others, praising others, taking turns, honesty, invisible support to others, avoiding arguments and conflicts, pleasantly providing alternatives for suggested ideas by other member so to put it more optimistically, promoting humor, showing courtesy and frankness if need be, giving opportunity to new and young members to share their ideas and put all the ideas in writing without missing important suggestions, being generous to share ideas with a group and appreciate them on uniqueness brought by them and finally shared decision making (Pausch, 1998). The more positive attitude and energy prevail in a group, the maximum creativity and productivity can be attained from a group work (Sawyer, 2012). The problems which can be faced by any group member are due to the apathetic attitude of other group members, which directly affects the learning process and, hence, an individual is unable to bring his share of productivity in it (Clark, 2003). Often, many abilities aren’t recognized unless a person indulges himself in a group activity which supports and shines out the ability in him (Douglas, 2000). Therefore, aloof and tactless behavior hinders the learning and developing process of other group members and decreases the chance of attaining shared vision. Absence of cooperative and collaborative approach dwindles the interest of others and, hence, reduces the chance of learning experience or recognition of one’s hidden potential (Brody, 1998). If a team member is unaware of the group